Theo Molkenboer was the most important architect of churches around the 1850's. Although educated as a carpenter, he operated as an architect first in the region around Leiden and later in some other parts of the country as well. His early works were designed in neo-Classical style, his later work is mostly in an early neo-Gothic style and in most cases is characterized by a lack of understanding of actual Gothicism. His restoration of the medieval St. Walburg in Arnhem turned out to be a disaster, when Molkenboer's attempt to resculpt the original pillars to his own taste caused a tower to collapse. Molkenboer however was probably also the first architect in the Netherlands to build a more or less stylewise correct neo-Gothic church. Many of his earlier churches were replaced after the rise of neo-Gothicism, while P.J.H. Cuypers took over the position of most important catholic architect.
The following is a still incomplete list of Molkenboer's work.
1828 Leiden (ZH): cemetary chapel
Chapel in neo-Classical style. In the late 19th century a new facade in neo-Gothic style was added.
1835-1836 Leiden (ZH): church O.L. Vrouw Onbevlekt Ontvangen
Single-aisled neo-Classical church. The tower was changed in 1892, while the choir was enlargered in 1896-1897.
1836 Leiden (ZH): church St. Petrus
Church in neo-Classical style. Destroyed by fire. 1836 is year of consecration.
1839 Leiden (ZH): church O.L. Vrouw Hemelvaart
Three-aisled hall-church in early neo-Gothic style, with small tower at the front of the roof, behind the facade. 1839 is year of consecration.
1843 Amersfoort (U): enlargement church O.L. Vrouw ten Hemel Opneming ('Elleboogkerk')
No further details.
1846 Oosterblokker (NH): church H. Maria Visitatie
1846 is year of consecration. No further details.
1846 Zeist (U): church St. Joseph
Church in early neo-Gothic style, with small wooden tower at the front of the roof.
1847 Bolsward (Fr): church St. Franciscus van Assisi
Three-aisled cruciform church with rectangular choir. Tribune over the full width of the facade. On top of the tower a small wooden tower in neo-Gothic style with spire. 1847 is the year of consecration. Demolished in the 1930's.
1848-1849 Bolsward (Fr): church St. Martinus
Church in early neo-Gothic style. Closed in 1930's and rebuilt into a youth-centre.
Church in neo-Classical style. Rebuilt into apartments in 1987.
1850 Leeuwarden (Fr): church St. Dominicus
Hall-church in neo-Classical style. Demolished in 1936.
1852-1855 Westerblokker (NH): church St. Michaël
Neo-Classical hall-church.
1852-1854 Amsterdam (NH): church Onbevlekt Hart van Maria (Redemptorists church)
Three-aisled cruciform basilica. Considered to be the first large church in the Netherlands built in classic neo-Gothic style, despite its plastered wooden vaults. Molkenboer based his design on the Redemptorists church in Mons, Belgium.
1852-1853 Soest (U): church H.H. Petrus en Paulus
Three-aisled basilica in neo-Baroque style. Demolished in the late-1960's except for the front.
1853-1855 Arnhem (G): enlargement and restoration church St. Walburg
Restoration of a 14th century church. Molkenboer changes the sober interior of this collegiate church into a rich late-Gothic style; the resculpting of the rectangular pillars causes one of the two towers to collapse. This tower is rebuilt slightly differently. Also a choir is added. In 1944 the church is badly damaged, and except for the choir Molkenboer's changes are made undone.
1854 Westwoud (NH): church St. Martinus
Neo-Classical three-aisled hall-church with pseudo-transept and tower.
1854 Amsterdam (NH) : enlargement church St. Catharina
Details unknown. Demolished.
1854 Krommenie (NH): church St. Petrus' Banden
Three-aisled church. In 1898 extended with transept and choir.
1855-1856 Overveen (NH): church O.L. Vrouw Onbevlekt Ontvangen
Neo-Gothic cruciform pseudo-basilican church with transept.
1856-1861 Helmond (NB): church St. Lambertus
Three-aisled cruciform basilica in neo-Gothic style. Vaults of plastered wood. Choir with ambulatory. A medieval tower is incorporated but hidden behind a new layer of brick and heightened with an octagonal segment.
1856-1857 Amsterdam (NH): church St. Willibrordus binnen de Veste ('De Duif')
Neo-Classical church with sandstone facade, inspired by Roman Baroque. Three-aisled nave.
1856 Roelofarendsveen (ZH): church St. Petrus' Banden
Neo-Gothic cruciform pseudo-basilican church with transept. Tower with balustrade and corner-turrets around the spire.
1858 Purmerend (NH): church St. Nicolaas
Cruciform church, with the width of the transept being almost as large as the length of the nave. Wide central aisle, low side-aisles.
1858-1861 Vogelenzang (NH): church O.L. Vrouw ten Hemelopneming
One-aisled cruciform neo-Gothic church with tower with octagonal upper segment. Designed in conjunction with a German architect named Pelzer.
1859 Warmond (ZH): church St. Matthias
Three-aisled cruciform church with Romanesque details. 1859 is year of consecration.
1859 Egmond-Binnen (NH): church St. Adalbertus
Church in early neo-Gothic style. 1859 is year of consecration.
1859 Vlissingen (Z): church
No further details.
1859 Haarlemmermeer (NH): church St. Franciscus van Assisi
Three-aisled church with rectangular choir.
Neo-Gothic church, incorporating an older tower.
1860 Rijpwetering (ZH): church O.L. Vrouw Geboorte
Three-aisled neo-Gothic pseudo-basilica with narrower choir and a tower of two square and one octagonal segments. 1860 is year of consecration.
1860 Hoofddorp (NH): church St. Johannes de Doper
No further details.
1863-1865 Den Haag (ZH): enlargement church St. Willibrordus
Addition of a choir and transept. Demolished.
1863 Noord-Zijpe (NH): church O.L. Vrouw Visitatie
No further details.
1865 Hoogwoud (NH): church St. Johannes de Doper, Geboorte
A lengthened version of the church in Warmond. 1865 is year of consecration.
1866 Nieuw-Vennep (NH): church O.L. Vrouw Onbevlekt Ontvangen
1866 is year of consecration. No further details.
1866 Zuid-Zijpe (Burgerbrug) (NH) : church O.L. Vrouw Geboorte
No further details.
1867 St. Hippolytushoef (NH): church St. Hippolytus
No further details.
|
|