![]() Architects: P.J.H. Cuypers (1827-1921) part 1/2 Petrus
J. H. Cuypers, also
known as Pierre Cuypers, was responsible for the design of many
churches in neo-Gothic
style
in the Netherlands, and as such is one of the leading figures in the
proces of catholic emancipation in the second half of the 19th century.
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1850 Venray (L): presbytery Cuypers' first building, a symmetrical presbytery. |
1851 Roermond (L): house Swalmerstraat 49
Unplastered brick house built with details in neo-Gothic style. |
1853 Roermond (L): house and workshop
Cuypers own house and office, a building in an imaginative neo-Gothic style. Now municipal museum with special attention to Cuypers life and work. |
1853-1854 Oeffelt (NB): church St. Salvator Cuypers' first church. Basilican church in classic Gothic style. Choir slightly wider than the nave. Destroyed in 1944 and replaced by a new church in 1954. Is said to have had stone vaults, the first built in this country in centuries. No further details available. |
1854 Posterholt (L): mansion Aarwinkel No further details. |
1856 Kranenburg: (G): church St. Antonius ![]()
The oldest surviving church designed by Cuypers is a three-aisled cruciform basilican church. The tower is a preliminary study for that of the St. Martinus in Maastricht, which was built two years later. Church was not consecrated until 1867. Now a museum of religious sculpture.
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1856-1658 Huissen (G): Dominican monastery
U-shaped complex. Chapel with lateral chapels and steeple on top. |
1856-1858 Wijk-Maastricht (L): church H. Martinus
Cuypers' first church built in a city. Winning entry in a competition. Three-aisled cruciform basilican church in neo-Gothic style, inspired by French 13th century Gothicism. The tower is a further developmentment of the design for Kranenburg. Cuypers intended to give the church wooden vaults, but a government advisor suggested brick vaults instead.
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1856-1862 Veghel (NB): church St. Lambertus
Cuypers' biggest church so far. It replaced a small village church and was actually much too large for its parish. Cruciform basilican church inspired by classic 13th French Gothic. Choir with ambulatory and radiating chapels. The tower shows influences from that of Chartres. Cuypers' use of brick vaults in this church established his name as an architect nationwide. Like the tower, the fronts of the side-aisles were originally extensively decorated with natural stone sculpting.
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1857 Stevensweert (L): town hall ![]()
Building in simple neo-Gothic style. |
1857-1860 Demen (NB): church St. Willibrordus ![]()
Neo-Gothic one-aisled church. The 15th-century tower of a predecessor was preserved, but in 1890 restored in neo-Gothic style by the same architect.
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1857 Helenaveen (NB): church St. Willibrordus Three-aisled neo-Gothic church incorporating a short Gothic tower. Destroyed in 1944. |
1858-1861 Haelen (L): church St. Lambertus Neo-Gothic church, inspired by early French Gothicism, incorporating an older tower. Cuypers gives this building stone vaults, although wooden ones were intended. The use of inferior materials necessitates repairs to the vaults in 1898. The church was destroyed in 1944. |
1858-1859 Jabeek (L): church H. Gertrudis
Three-aisled neo-Gothic cruciform basilican church, incorporating a 15th-century tower, which is heightened with one storey and given a new spire. Nave and transept have a wooden ceiling, while choir and side-aisles have stone vaults. Transept has large rose-windows. |
1858 St. Agatha (NB): restoration Kruisherenkerk Restoration of a medieval monastic church. |
1858 Nijmegen (G): restoration Jesuit church Restoration of the choir. Demolished. |
1859-1861
Alkmaar (NH):
church St.
Laurentius
Three-aisled
cruciform
basilican church, after the fourth trave five-aisled. Inspired by
French Gothic. Three-aisled transept. Choir with rectangular lateral
chapels. Central aisle and transept have wooden vaults, choir and
side-aisles have stone vaults. Oeiginal design included a tower with
corner
turrets and octagonal upper segment. Cuypers also designed the
presbytery. |
1859 Swalmen (L): presbytery No further details. |
1859-1861 Sittard (L): restoration church St. Petrus' Stoel van Antiochië
Restoration included the replacement of the upper segment of the tower. The previous one was lost by fire. Cuypers introduced a type of tower he would frequently use later on in his career; on a square segment, with small turrets in each corner, stands an octagonal segment which is connected to the small turrets by 'flying buttresses'. The whole part is executed in marl. A spire was added in 1874.
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1859-1862 Bodegraven (ZH): church St. Willibrordus
Three-aisled cruciform church in sober early Gothic style. Clerestorey with small windows. Pointed wooden barrel-vaults. |
1859-1862
Ulft (G): church H.H. Petrus en Paulus Three-aisled cruciform basilican church in neo-Gothic style. Demolished in 1959. |
1859-1867 Eindhoven (NB): church St. Catharina ![]()
Three-aisled cruciform basilican church. With its two unequal towers that both carry some very imaginative decorations and many elements taken from French Gothic at the rest of the building, this is a typical example of Cuypers' interpretation of Gothic, and a highlight in his career. Much of the looks of this church is the result of the ideas about symbolism as propagated by catholic writer J.A. Alberdingk Thijm. The towers, both inspired by the one in Chartres, represent the 'Tower of David' and the 'Ivory Tower of Mary' respectively. Choir with ambulatory and radaiting chapels. Rose-windows in the facades of the front and transept. |
1860-1861 Pey (L): church O.L. Vrouw Onbevlekt Ontvangen
Cruciform basilican church in French 13th century Gothic style. Extensions to the transept and chapels around the choir appear to be later additions. |
1860-1863, 1887-1889 Amsterdam (NH): church O.L.V. Onbevlekte Ontvangenis ('De Posthoorn')
The first of six churches Cuypers built in Amsterdam. The building is unusually tall, in order to be visible over the surrounding houses. Influenced by the Romanogothic churches of the Rhineland (especially the Munsterkerk in Roermond) and to a lesser degree, the Ile-de-France. Cloverleaf-shaped choir and transept. For the first time in his career, Cuypers uses a crossing-tower, which in this case is octagonal. Front with two additional towers and rectangular transept added in 1887-1889. The original plan included a Romanesque-type of westwork flanked by two stair-turrets instead. Now an office-building. |
1860-1892
Maastricht (L):
restoration church St.
Servaas
Restoration executed in two periods: 1860-1870 and 1886-1892. Among others: restoration of the crypt in 1881, the replacement of the western towers and the addition of a neo-Gothic spire (lost by fire in 1955) in between the two western towers in 1886. Cuypers' use of a red sandstone for the apse and eastern towers has been criticized. |
1860-1885
Thorn (L):
restoration church Stiftskerk
This is a part Romanesque, part Gothic church, executed mostly in marl, that used to belong to an abbey. A missing stair-turret was reconstructed, while traceries were added to the gables of transept and side-aisles. The most obvious change however is the completion of the Romanesque tower, of which only the lower part had survived, with several neo-Gothic segments of brick, with marl layers for decoration. This tower was completely destroyed in World War Two, but reconstructed according to Cuypers' plans later. Also a window was added to the Romanesque lower part of the tower, spoiling its traditional closeness. The rest of the building was mostly left intact.
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1860 Rotterdam (ZH): church O.L. Vrouwe Onbevlekt Ontvangen Cuypers designs a five-aisled church with dome and four towers to replace an older church. Only the transept is built, which itself is again demolished when after 1901 another architect builds a new, smaller church. |
1862 Nieuwstadt (L): restoration church St. Jan Incl. the addition of spaces on both sides of the choir. |
1863-1864 Koningbosch (L): church O.L. Vrouw Onbevlekt Ontvangen Small neo-Gothic hall-church without tower. In 1926 replaced by a new church by Jan Stuyt elsewhere in the village, and demolished a few decades later. |
1863-1866 Alkmaar (NH): church St. Dominicus
Three-aisled cruciform basilica built on a small piece of land. To save space Cuypers designed a church with a narrow central aisle and wide side-aisles with storeys. Wide facade with stair-turret. Big transept and choir. Clerestorey with circular windows. Square crossing-tower with octagonal spire and corner turrets. Inspired by early French Gothic. Closed in 1974, demolished in 1985. (picture courtesy of Job van Nes)
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1863-1890
Roermond (L):
restoration church Munsterkerk![]()
One of the most radical of Cuypers' restorations was executed on this late-Romanesque church, which was drastically altered to Cuypers' views. New additions included the two large towers at the front, while the two smaller square towers at the back replaced the original, shorter octagonal towers. An 18th century bell-tower was completely removed.
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1863 Venray (L): chapel Ursuline convent Jerusalem Destroyed in 1944. No further details. |
1865 Kranenburg (G): cemetery chapel
Small one-aisled chapel in neo-Gothic style.
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1865-1867 Ouderkerk aan de Amstel (NH): church St. Urbanus
Three-aisled cruciform church with transept extending the width of the nave. Tower on most western trave of the northern side-aisle.
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1866-1868
Nijmegen (G):
restoration church
St.
Dominicus Restoration and addition of a southern side-aisle to a Gothic church. In 1885 Cuypers replaced the facade and added a polygonal tower. Destroyed 1944. |
1866-1867 Ospel (L): church and presbytery O.L. Vrouw Onbevlekt Ontvangen
Cruciform basilica in early Gothic style. In 1944 heavily damaged but restored to its original form after the war. In 1962-1963 the transept was enlarged. |
1866-1869 Breda (NB): church St. Barbara Five-aisled cruciform basilica with round windows in the central aisle. Square tower on the crossing. The wo towers at the front were never completed. Became in 1876 the cathedral of the Breda diocese. Demolished 1969. |
1866-1867 Maasbree (L): restoration church No further details. |
1866 Wessem (L): restoration choir church St. Medardus No further details. Another restoration followed in 1899. |
1867 Melick (L): church H. Andreas Cuypers already designed a church for Melick in 1853, but construction does not start in 1867. In 1882-1884 side-aisles are added to the church by architect Bolsius, completing the basilica-shape as Cuypers had intended. The church is destroyed in World War Two. |
1867 Posterholt (L): chapel Ursuline convent No further details. |
1867 Brussel, Belgium: church and presbytery St. Antonius van Padua
Three-aisled basilica in neo-Gothic style. Built-in on three sides. Short rectangular choir, pseudo-transept, octagonal crossing-tower. The brick vaults were the first in Belgium. |
1867-1880 Oudenbosch (NB): Basilica of Saints Agatha and Barbara ![]()
A complete departure of neo-Gothic was the design of this church in Oudenbosch, Noord Brabant. Essentially, it's a scaled-down copy of the St. Peter in Rome. The facade is copied from the St. John Lateran in the same city and was added by architect G.J. van Swaay in 1892. For the design of this church, Cuypers stayed in Rome for a while to study the St. Peter in detail. |
1868-1869
Kloosterburen
(Gr): church St.
Willibrord![]()
Three-aisled neo-Gothic cruciform church that is built as a basilica, although the entire nave is covered by a single saddle roof with dormer windows replacing the clerestorey, which for some reason were removed in 1969 and replaced by simple glass windows. The (pseudo-)transept is lower than the nave. The choir originally had a square apse, which in 1904 was replaced by a polygonal one designed by Cuypers' son Jos and Jan Stuyt.
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1868-1878 Baarlo (L): church H. Petrus The original plans for this church can not be carried out because of lack of sufficient funds. As a result of this a standard neo-Gothic cruciform basilica is built. Construction does not start before 1874. The tower is finished in 1890. |
1868 Ruurlo (G): church St. Willibrordus ![]()
Originally a one-aisled neo-Gothic church. In 1937-1938 side-aisles were added by architect Joh. H. Sluijmer. The church was not consecrated until 1884. |
1868-1869 Vlaardingen (ZH): church St. Joannes de Doper
In many ways a smaller and simplified version of the church in Ouderkerk. Cruciform basilican church of moderate height, with round windows in the clerestorey. Tower at the southern side-aisle. Transept lower than the nave. Demolished 1962 with the exception of the tower. |
1869 Gennep (L): tower
church St. Martinus
New neo-Gothic tower for an older church. Church destroyed in 1944. |
1869 Horst (L): restoration church St. Lambertus Restoration of a three-aisled hall-church and extension of the northern aisle. Destroyed in World War two. |
1869-1873 Bocholtz (L): church H. Jacobus de Meerdere
Cuypers adapts his original design for a church in Baarlo, which was inspired by the church of Nieuwstadt, for this new church. This is a cruciform basilica with round windows in the central aisle. In the 1950's the choir is demolished and the church enlarged. |
1869-1871 Blauwhuis (Fr): church St. Vitus
This first of seven churches Cuypers would built in the predominantly protestant province of Friesland was already designed in 1867. Cuypers took many elements from his disapproved first design for the church in Sappemeer (Gr).
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1869 -1871 Sneek (Fr): church St. Martinus
Three-aisled cruciform basilican church. Round windows in the clerestory. To save space the buttresses were built on the inside of the walls of the side-aisles. Wide nave which was not completed. The transept is high and wide. The design included a tower which was never built. |
1869-1872 Veghel (NB): Franciscan convent
Big complex in neo-Renaissance style.
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